How should a patient’s treatment refusal be handled?

• A. Force treatment
• B. Ignore the refusal
• C. Respect autonomy, document informed refusal, discuss risks/benefits, and involve the patient in decision-making
• D. Immediately re-approach with the same information without documentation

Answer: (C)

Respecting a patient’s autonomy and documenting informed refusal is the proper approach. Start by ensuring the patient has the capacity to decide and has received clear, complete information about the proposed treatment, including the risks, benefits, and available alternatives. Engage the patient in the decision-making process, listening to their preferences and concerns, and document the discussion and the patient’s decision in the medical record. This documentation should note that informed consent was offered, that risks and benefits were explained, and that the patient understood and chose to refuse. If capacity is uncertain, assess and involve appropriate support or a surrogate as needed. This approach protects the patient’s rights, supports ethical care, and provides a clear record for the care team. Forcing treatment, ignoring the refusal, or re-approaching without documentation undermine patient rights and the integrity of care.